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  <div class="section" id="module-binascii">
<span id="binascii-convert-between-binary-and-ascii"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a> --- 二进制和 ASCII 码互转<a class="headerlink" href="#module-binascii" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a> 模块包含很多在二进制和二进制表示的各种ASCII码之间转换的方法。 通常情况不会直接使用这些函数，而是使用像  <a class="reference internal" href="uu.html#module-uu" title="uu: Encode and decode files in uuencode format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uu</span></code></a> ， <a class="reference internal" href="base64.html#module-base64" title="base64: RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings; Base85 and Ascii85"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code></a> ，或 <a class="reference internal" href="binhex.html#module-binhex" title="binhex: Encode and decode files in binhex4 format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binhex</span></code></a> 这样的封装模块。 为了执行效率高，<a class="reference internal" href="#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a> 模块含有许多用 C 写的低级函数，这些底层函数被一些高级模块所使用。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a2b_*</span></code> 函数接受只含有 ASCII 码的Unicode 字符串。其他函数只接受 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">字节类对象</span></a> （例如 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>，<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> 和其他支持缓冲区协议的对象）。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.3 版更改: </span>ASCII-only unicode strings are now accepted by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a2b_*</span></code> functions.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a> 模块定义了以下函数：</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.a2b_uu">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">a2b_uu</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_uu" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>将单行 uu 编码数据转换成二进制数据并返回。uu 编码每行的数据通常包含45 个（二进制）字节，最后一行除外。每行数据后面可能跟有空格。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.b2a_uu">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">b2a_uu</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em>, <em class="sig-param">*</em>, <em class="sig-param">backtick=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_uu" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>将二进制数据转换为 ASCII 编码字符，返回值是转换后的行数据，包括换行符。 <em>data</em> 的长度最多为45。如果 <em>backtick</em> 为ture，则零由 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'`'</span></code> 而不是空格表示。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.7 版更改: </span>增加 <em>backtick</em> 形参。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.a2b_base64">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">a2b_base64</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_base64" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>将 base64 数据块转换成二进制并以二进制数据形式返回。一次可以传递多行数据。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.b2a_base64">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">b2a_base64</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em>, <em class="sig-param">*</em>, <em class="sig-param">newline=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_base64" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>将二进制数据转换为一行用 base64 编码的ASCII字符串。返回值是转换后的行数据，如果 <em>newline</em> 为true，则返回值包括换行符。该函数的输出符合：rfc：<cite>3548</cite>。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.6 版更改: </span>增加 <em>newline</em> 形参。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.a2b_qp">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">a2b_qp</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em>, <em class="sig-param">header=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_qp" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>将一个引号可打印的数据块转换成二进制数据并返回。一次可以转换多行。如果可选参数 <em>header</em> 存在且为true，则数据中的下划线将被解码成空格。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.b2a_qp">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">b2a_qp</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em>, <em class="sig-param">quotetabs=False</em>, <em class="sig-param">istext=True</em>, <em class="sig-param">header=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_qp" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>将二进制数据转换为一行或多行带引号可打印编码的ASCII字符串。返回值是转换后的行数据。如果可选参数 <em>quotetabs</em> 存在且为真值，则对所有制表符和空格进行编码。如果可选参数 <em>istext</em> 存在且为真值，则不对新行进行编码，但将对尾随空格进行编码。如果可选参数 <em>header</em> 存在且为true，则空格将被编码为下划线 <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1522.html"><strong>RFC 1522</strong></a>。如果可选参数 <em>header</em> 存在且为假值，则也会对换行符进行编码;不进行换行转换编码可能会破坏二进制数据流。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.a2b_hqx">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">a2b_hqx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_hqx" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>将 binhex4 格式的 ASCII 数据不进行 RLE 解压缩直接转换为二进制数据。该字符串应包含完整数量的二进制字节，或者（在binhex4 数据最后部分）剩余位为零。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.rledecode_hqx">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">rledecode_hqx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.rledecode_hqx" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>根据 binhex4 标准对数据执行 RLE 解压缩。该算法在一个字节的数据后使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x90</span></code> 作为重复指示符，然后计数。计数 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> 指定字节值 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x90</span></code> 。该例程返回解压缩的数据，输入数据以孤立的重复指示符结束的情况下，将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#binascii.Incomplete" title="binascii.Incomplete"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Incomplete</span></code></a> 异常。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.2 版更改: </span>仅接受 bytestring 或 bytearray 对象作为输入。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.rlecode_hqx">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">rlecode_hqx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.rlecode_hqx" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>在 <em>data</em> 上执行 binhex4 游程编码压缩并返回结果。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.b2a_hqx">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">b2a_hqx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_hqx" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>执行 hexbin4 类型二进制到 ASCII 码的转换并返回结果字符串。输入数据应经过 RLE 编码，且数据长度可被3整除（除了最后一个片段）。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.crc_hqx">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">crc_hqx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em>, <em class="sig-param">value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.crc_hqx" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>以 <em>value</em> 作为初始 CRC 计算 <em>data</em> 的16位 CRC 值，返回其结果。这里使用 CRC-CCITT 生成多项式 <em>x</em><sup>16</sup> + <em>x</em><sup>12</sup> + <em>x</em><sup>5</sup> + 1 ，通常表示为0x1021。该 CRC 被用于 binhex4 格式。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.crc32">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">crc32</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param">value</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.crc32" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>计算 CRC-32 ，从 <em>value</em> 的初始 CRC 开始计算 <em>data</em> 的32位校验和。默认初始 CRC 为零。该算法与 ZIP 文件校验和一致。由于该算法被设计用作校验和算法，因此不适合用作通用散列算法。使用方法如下：</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">binascii</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crc32</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Or, in two pieces:</span>
<span class="n">crc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">binascii</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crc32</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">crc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">binascii</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crc32</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot; world&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">crc</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;crc32 = </span><span class="si">{:#010x}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">crc</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.0 版更改: </span>校验结果始终是无符号类型的。要在所有Python版本和平台上生成相同的数值，请使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crc32(data)</span> <span class="pre">&amp;</span> <span class="pre">0xffffffff</span></code> 。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.b2a_hex">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">b2a_hex</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_hex" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="binascii.hexlify">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">hexlify</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.hexlify" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>返回二进制数据 <em>data</em> 的十六进制表示形式。 <em>data</em> 的每个字节都被转换为相应的2位十六进制表示形式。因此返回的字节对象的长度是 <em>data</em> 的两倍。</p>
<p>使用：<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes.hex" title="bytes.hex"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes.hex()</span></code></a> 方法也可以方便地实现相似的功能（但仅返回文本字符串）。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="binascii.a2b_hex">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">a2b_hex</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">hexstr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_hex" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="binascii.unhexlify">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">unhexlify</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">hexstr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.unhexlify" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>返回由十六进制字符串  <em>hexstr</em> 表示的二进制数据。此函数功能与 <a class="reference internal" href="#binascii.b2a_hex" title="binascii.b2a_hex"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b2a_hex()</span></code></a> 相反。 <em>hexstr</em> 必须包含偶数个十六进制数字（可以是大写或小写），否则会引发  <a class="reference internal" href="#binascii.Error" title="binascii.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error</span></code></a> 异常。</p>
<p>使用：<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes.fromhex" title="bytes.fromhex"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes.fromhex()</span></code></a>  类方法也实现相似的功能（仅接受文本字符串参数，不限制其中的空白字符）。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="binascii.Error">
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">Error</code><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.Error" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>通常是因为编程错误引发的异常。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="binascii.Incomplete">
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">binascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">Incomplete</code><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.Incomplete" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>数据不完整引发的异常。通常不是编程错误导致的，可以通过读取更多的数据并再次尝试来处理该异常。</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="base64.html#module-base64" title="base64: RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings; Base85 and Ascii85"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>支持在16，32，64，85进制中进行符合 RFC 协议的 base64 样式编码。</p>
</dd>
<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="binhex.html#module-binhex" title="binhex: Encode and decode files in binhex4 format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binhex</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>支持在 Macintosh 上使用的 binhex 格式。</p>
</dd>
<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="uu.html#module-uu" title="uu: Encode and decode files in uuencode format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uu</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>支持在 Unix 上使用的 UU 编码。</p>
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<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="quopri.html#module-quopri" title="quopri: Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quopri</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>支持在 MIME 版本电子邮件中使用引号可打印编码。</p>
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